THE EFFECT OF BODY DISSATISFACTION ON DISORDERED EATING ATTITUDES: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF NEGATIVE AFFECTS IN ADOLESCENTS
Keywords:
Body dissatisfaction, social anxiety, depression and eating pathology.
Abstract
Body dissatisfaction is considered as the most primitive risk factor for developing eating disturbances. Despite the fact that body dissatisfaction is also found in normative population as well, making sense out of it this study aimed to determined the interacting variables which possibly influence the relationship between body dissatisfaction and eating pathology. The study aimed to explored the following mediators: social anxiety and depression and the effects they had on disturbed eating attitudes among individuals with body dissatisfaction. A total of 300 students were approached aged 15-20 years (mean age = 17.23 years, SD = 1.42 years) who completed the Body Area Satisfaction Subscale of the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire–Appearance Scales, Social Anxiety subscale of self consciousness scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Eating, Attitudes Test-26. Based on the research findings, the serial-multiple mediation of social anxiety and depression in the relationship between body dissatisfaction and disturbed eating attitudes was found to be statistically significant. Study findings highlights how body dissatisfaction and eating pathology are linked and what the fundamental mediators are in the chain. Adolescents with disturbed eating, along with the body image issues fear of negative evaluation and negative affects should also acknowledged by the mental health practitioner in order to design effective treatment plans.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
References
1- Swanson, S. A., Crow, S. J., Le Grange, D., Swendsen, J., & Merikangas, K. R. (2011). Prevalence and correlates of eating disorders in adolescents: Results from the national comorbidity survey replication adolescent supplement. Archives of general psychiatry, 68(7), 714-723. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.22
2- Latzer, Y., Azaiza, F., & Tzischinsky, O. (2014). Not just a western girls' problem: eating attitudes among Israeli-Arab adolescent boys and girls. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 19(3), 382-394.https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2012.747973
3- Machado, P. P., Machado, B. C., Gonçalves, S., & Hoek, H. W. (2007). The prevalence of eating disorders not otherwise specified. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 40(3), 212-217. DOI:10.1002/eat.20358
4- Micali, N., Hagberg, K. W., Petersen, I., & Treasure, J. L. (2013). The incidence of eating disorders in the UK in 2000–2009: findings from the General Practice Research Database. BMJ open, 3(5), e002646. DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002646
5- Milos, G., Spindler, A., Schnyder, U., & Fairburn, C. G. (2005). Instability of eating disorder diagnoses: prospective study. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 187(6), 573-578. doi:10.1192/bjp.187.6.573
6- Cooke, R., & Sawyer, S. M. (2004). Eating disorders in adolescence. An approach to diagnosis and management. Australian family physician, 33(1-2), 27. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14988957/?dopt=Abstract
7- Stice, E., Marti, C. N., Shaw, H., & Jaconis, M. (2009). An 8-year longitudinal study of the natural history of threshold, subthreshold, and partial eating disorders from a community sample of adolescents. Journal of abnormal psychology, 118(3), 587. doi: 10.1037/a0016481
8- Arcelus, J., Mitchell, A. J., Wales, J., & Nielsen, S. (2011). Mortality rates in patients with anorexia nervosa and other eating disorders: a meta-analysis of 36 studies. Archives of general psychiatry, 68(7), 724-731. Doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.74
9- Stice, E., & Shaw, H. E. (2002). Role of body dissatisfaction in the onset and maintenance of eating pathology: A synthesis of research findings. Journal of psychosomatic research, 53(5), 985-993.DOI: 10.1016/S0022-3999(02)00488-9
10- Ganesan, S., Ravishankar, S. L., & Ramalingam, S. (2018). Are body image issues affecting our adolescents? A cross-sectional study among college going adolescent girls. Indian journal of community medicine: official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine, 43(Suppl 1), S42. doi: 10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_62_18
11- Mond, J., Mitchison, D., Latner, J., Hay, P., Owen, C., & Rodgers, B. (2013). Quality of life impairment associated with body dissatisfaction in a general population sample of women. BMC Public Health, 13(1), 920. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-920
12- Pallister, E., & Waller, G. (2008). Anxiety in the eating disorders: Understanding the overlap. Clinical psychology review, 28(3), 366-386.. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2007.07.001
13- processing in eating disorders. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14, 191–214.
14- Levinson, C. A., & Rodebaugh, T. L. (2012). Social anxiety and eating disorder comorbidity: The role of negative social evaluation fears. Eating Behaviors, 13(1), 27–35. doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2011.11.006
15- Kerr-Gaffney, J., Harrison, A., & Tchanturia, K. (2018). Social anxiety in the eating disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological medicine, 48(15), 24772491.https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10059889/1/Harrison_Review%20manuscript.pdf
16- Godart, N. T., Flament, M. F., Lecrubier, Y., & Jeammet, P. (2000). Anxiety disorders in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: co-morbidity and chronology of appearance. European Psychiatry, 15(1), 38-45.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-9338(00)00212-1
17- Kaye, W. H., Bulik, C. M., Thornton, L., Barbarich, N., Masters, K., & Price Foundation Collaborative Group. (2004). Comorbidity of anxiety disorders with anorexia and bulimia nervosa. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161(12), 2215-2221.https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.12.2215
18- Swinbourne, J. M., & Touyz, S. W. (2007). The co‐morbidity of eating disorders and anxiety disorders: A review. European Eating Disorders Review: The Professional Journal of the Eating Disorders Association, 15(4), 253-274. DOI: 10.1002/erv.784
19- Godart, N. T., Flament, M. F., Curt, F., Perdereau, F., Lang, F., Venisse, J. L., ... & Jeammet, P. (2003). Anxiety disorders in subjects seeking treatment for eating disorders: a DSM-IV controlled study. Psychiatry research, 117(3), 245-258. doi:10.1016/S0165-1781(03)00038-6
20- Godart, N. T., Perdereau, F., Rein, Z., Berthoz, S., Wallier, J., Jeammet, P., & Flament, M. F. (2007). Comorbidity studies of eating disorders and mood disorders. Critical review of the literature. Journal of affective disorders, 97(1-3), 37-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2006.06.023
21- Puccio, F., Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz, M., Ong, D., & Krug, I. (2016). A systematic review and meta‐analysis on the longitudinal relationship between eating pathology and depression. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 49(5), 439-454.https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22506
22- Boujut, E., & Gana, K. (2014). Relationship between depressive mood and eating disorders in a non-clinical young female sample: A one-year longitudinal analysis of cross-lagged and simultaneous effects. Eating behaviors, 15(3), 434-440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2014.04.018Get rights and content
23- Cash, T. F., Santos, M. T., & Williams, E. F. (2005). Coping with body-image threats and challenges: Validation of the Body Image Coping Strategies Inventory. Journal of psychosomatic research, 58(2), 190-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2004.07.008Get rights and content
24- Fang, A., Asnaani, A., Gutner, C., Cook, C., Wilhelm, S., & Hofmann, S. G. (2011). Rejection sensitivity mediates the relationship between social anxiety and body dysmorphic concerns. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25(7), 946-949. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.06.001
25- Franco‐Paredes, K., Mancilla‐Díaz, J. M., Vázquez‐Arévalo, R., López‐Aguilar, X., & Álvarez‐Rayón, G. (2005). Perfectionism and eating disorders: A review of the literature. European Eating Disorders Review: The Professional Journal of the Eating Disorders Association, 13(1), 61-70. doi:10.1002/erv.605
26- Izgiç, F., Akyüz, G., Doğan, O., & Kuğu, N. (2004). Social phobia among university students and its relation to self-esteem and body image. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 49(9), 630-634. DOI:10.1177/070674370404900910
27- Cash, T. F., Theriault, J., & Annis, N. M. (2004). Body image in an interpersonal context: Adult attachment, fear of intimacy and social anxiety. Journal of social and clinical psychology, 23(1), 89-103.https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.23.1.89.26987
28- Gilbert, N., & Meyer, C. (2005). Fear of negative evaluation and the development of eating psychopathology: A longitudinal study among nonclinical women. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 37(4), 307-312. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.20105
29- Utschig, A. C., Presnell, K., Madeley, M., & Smits, J. J. (2010). An investigation of the relationship between fear of negative evaluation and bulimic psychopathology. Eating Behaviors, 11, 231–238
30- Stice, E. (2001). A prospective test of the dual-pathway model of bulimic pathology: mediating effects of dieting and negative affect. Journal of abnormal psychology, 110(1), 124. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.110.1.124
31- Hinrichsen, H., Wright, F., Waller, G., & Meyer, C. (2003). Social anxiety and coping strategies in the eating disorders. Eating behaviors, 4(2), 117-126.. doi:10.1016/s1471-0153(03)00016-3
32- .Garner, D. M., Olmsted, M. P., Bohr, Y., & Garfinkel, P. E. (1982). The Eating Attitudes Test: psychometric features and clinical correlates. Psychological Medicine, 12, 871 - 878. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291700049163
33- Cash, T. F. (2000). The Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire. Retrieved from http://www.body-images.com.
34- Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (1985). The Self‐Consciousness Scale: A Revised Version for Use with General Populations 1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 15(8), 687-699.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1985.tb02268.x
35- Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2001). The PHQ‐9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of general internal medicine, 16(9), 606-613.https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x
36- Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and Resampling Strategies for Assessing and Comparing Indirect Effects in Multiple Mediator Models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879–891
37- Hayes, A. F. (2009). Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium. Communication monographs, 76(4), 408-420. DOI: 10.1080/03637750903310360
38- Murray, K., Rieger, E., & Byrne, D. (2018). Body image predictors of depressive symptoms in adolescence. Journal of adolescence, 69, 130-139. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.10.002.
39- Stice, E., Hayward, C., Cameron, R. P., Killen, J. D., & Taylor, C. B. (2000). Body-image and eating disturbances predict onset of depression among female adolescents: a longitudinal study. Journal of abnormal psychology, 109(3), 438. https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/2000-05424-009
40- Erickson, E. (1959). Identity: Youth and Crisis. In Rice, F. P. (1987). The adolescent: Development, relationships, and culture. Boston: Allyn and Bacon Inc (pp 94-97)
41- Jones, D. C., Vigfusdottir, T. H., & Lee, Y. (2004). Body image and the appearance culture among adolescent girls and boys: An examination of friend conversations, peer criticism, appearance magazines, and the internalization of appearance ideals. Journal of adolescent research, 19(3), 323-339. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558403258847
42- Stice, E., Hayward, C., Cameron, R. P., Killen, J. D., & Taylor, C. B. (2000). Body-image and eating disturbances predict onset of depression among female adolescents: a longitudinal study. Journal of abnormal psychology, 109(3), 438. https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/2000-05424-009
43- Tang, J., Yu, Y., Du, Y., Ma, Y., Zhu, H., & Liu, Z. (2010). Association between actual weight status, perceived weight and depressive, anxious symptoms in Chinese adolescents: a cross-sectional study. BMC public health, 10(1), 594. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-594
44- Chen, G., Guo, G., Gong, J., & Xiao, S. (2015). The association between body dissatisfaction and depression: An examination of the moderating effects of gender, age, and weight status in a sample of Chinese adolescents. Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools, 25(2), 245-260.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/jgc.2015.6
45- Groesz, L. M., Levine, M. P., &Murnen, S. K. (2002). The effect of experimental presentation of thin media images on body satisfaction: A meta‐analytic review. International Journal of eating disorders, 31(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.10005
46- Puhl, R., & Brownell, K. D. (2001). Bias, discrimination, and obesity. Obesity research, 9(12), 788-805. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2001.108
47- Cruz-Sáez, S., Pascual, A., Wlodarczyk, A., & Echeburúa, E. (2018). The effect of body dissatisfaction on disordered eating: The mediating role of self-esteem and negative affect in male and female adolescents. Journal of health psychology, 1359105317748734. DOI: 10.1177/1359105317748734
doi:10.1007/BF01176209
48- Sainsbury, K., Evans, E. H., Pedersen, S., Marques, M. M., Teixeira, P. J., Lähteenmäki, L., ... & Sniehotta, F. F. (2019). Attribution of weight regain to emotional reasons amongst European adults with overweight and obesity who regained weight following a weight loss attempt. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 24(2), 351-361. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40519-018-0487-0
49- Gianini, L. M., White, M. A., & Masheb, R. M. (2013). Eating pathology, emotion regulation, and emotional overeating in obese adults with binge eating disorder. Eating behaviors, 14(3), 309-313.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2013.05.008
50- Vitousek, K. B., & Hollon, S. D. (1990). The investigation of schematic content and processing in eating disorders. Cognitive therapy and research, 14, 191-214.
51- Brechan, I., & Kvalem, I. L. (2015). Relationship between body dissatisfaction and disordered eating: Mediating role of self-esteem and depression. Eating Behaviors, 17, 49–58. doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2014.12.008
52- Levinson, C. A., & Rodebaugh, T. L. (2012). Social anxiety and eating disorder comorbidity: The role of negative social evaluation fears. Eating Behaviors, 13(1), 27–35. doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2011.11.006
53- Godart, N.T., Flament, M.F., Perdereau, F., & Jeammet, P. (2002). Comorbidity between eating disorders and anxiety disorders: A review. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 32, 253-270. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.10096
54- Hinrichsen, H., Waller, G. & Dhokia, R. (2007). Core beliefs and social anxiety in the eating disorders. Eating and Weight Disorders, 12, 14-18.
55- Wonderlich-Tierney, A. & Vander Wal, J. (2010). The efects of social support and coping on the relationship between social anxiety and eating disorders. Eating Behaviors, 11, 85-91 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2009.10.002
56- Godart, N.T., Flament, M.F., Perdereau, F., & Jeammet, P. (2002). Comorbidity between eating disorders and anxiety disorders: A review. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 32, 253-270. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.10096
1- Swanson, S. A., Crow, S. J., Le Grange, D., Swendsen, J., & Merikangas, K. R. (2011). Prevalence and correlates of eating disorders in adolescents: Results from the national comorbidity survey replication adolescent supplement. Archives of general psychiatry, 68(7), 714-723. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.22
2- Latzer, Y., Azaiza, F., & Tzischinsky, O. (2014). Not just a western girls' problem: eating attitudes among Israeli-Arab adolescent boys and girls. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 19(3), 382-394.https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2012.747973
3- Machado, P. P., Machado, B. C., Gonçalves, S., & Hoek, H. W. (2007). The prevalence of eating disorders not otherwise specified. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 40(3), 212-217. DOI:10.1002/eat.20358
4- Micali, N., Hagberg, K. W., Petersen, I., & Treasure, J. L. (2013). The incidence of eating disorders in the UK in 2000–2009: findings from the General Practice Research Database. BMJ open, 3(5), e002646. DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002646
5- Milos, G., Spindler, A., Schnyder, U., & Fairburn, C. G. (2005). Instability of eating disorder diagnoses: prospective study. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 187(6), 573-578. doi:10.1192/bjp.187.6.573
6- Cooke, R., & Sawyer, S. M. (2004). Eating disorders in adolescence. An approach to diagnosis and management. Australian family physician, 33(1-2), 27. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14988957/?dopt=Abstract
7- Stice, E., Marti, C. N., Shaw, H., & Jaconis, M. (2009). An 8-year longitudinal study of the natural history of threshold, subthreshold, and partial eating disorders from a community sample of adolescents. Journal of abnormal psychology, 118(3), 587. doi: 10.1037/a0016481
8- Arcelus, J., Mitchell, A. J., Wales, J., & Nielsen, S. (2011). Mortality rates in patients with anorexia nervosa and other eating disorders: a meta-analysis of 36 studies. Archives of general psychiatry, 68(7), 724-731. Doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.74
9- Stice, E., & Shaw, H. E. (2002). Role of body dissatisfaction in the onset and maintenance of eating pathology: A synthesis of research findings. Journal of psychosomatic research, 53(5), 985-993.DOI: 10.1016/S0022-3999(02)00488-9
10- Ganesan, S., Ravishankar, S. L., & Ramalingam, S. (2018). Are body image issues affecting our adolescents? A cross-sectional study among college going adolescent girls. Indian journal of community medicine: official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine, 43(Suppl 1), S42. doi: 10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_62_18
11- Mond, J., Mitchison, D., Latner, J., Hay, P., Owen, C., & Rodgers, B. (2013). Quality of life impairment associated with body dissatisfaction in a general population sample of women. BMC Public Health, 13(1), 920. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-920
12- Pallister, E., & Waller, G. (2008). Anxiety in the eating disorders: Understanding the overlap. Clinical psychology review, 28(3), 366-386.. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2007.07.001
13- processing in eating disorders. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14, 191–214.
14- Levinson, C. A., & Rodebaugh, T. L. (2012). Social anxiety and eating disorder comorbidity: The role of negative social evaluation fears. Eating Behaviors, 13(1), 27–35. doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2011.11.006
15- Kerr-Gaffney, J., Harrison, A., & Tchanturia, K. (2018). Social anxiety in the eating disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological medicine, 48(15), 24772491.https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10059889/1/Harrison_Review%20manuscript.pdf
16- Godart, N. T., Flament, M. F., Lecrubier, Y., & Jeammet, P. (2000). Anxiety disorders in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: co-morbidity and chronology of appearance. European Psychiatry, 15(1), 38-45.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-9338(00)00212-1
17- Kaye, W. H., Bulik, C. M., Thornton, L., Barbarich, N., Masters, K., & Price Foundation Collaborative Group. (2004). Comorbidity of anxiety disorders with anorexia and bulimia nervosa. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161(12), 2215-2221.https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.12.2215
18- Swinbourne, J. M., & Touyz, S. W. (2007). The co‐morbidity of eating disorders and anxiety disorders: A review. European Eating Disorders Review: The Professional Journal of the Eating Disorders Association, 15(4), 253-274. DOI: 10.1002/erv.784
19- Godart, N. T., Flament, M. F., Curt, F., Perdereau, F., Lang, F., Venisse, J. L., ... & Jeammet, P. (2003). Anxiety disorders in subjects seeking treatment for eating disorders: a DSM-IV controlled study. Psychiatry research, 117(3), 245-258. doi:10.1016/S0165-1781(03)00038-6
20- Godart, N. T., Perdereau, F., Rein, Z., Berthoz, S., Wallier, J., Jeammet, P., & Flament, M. F. (2007). Comorbidity studies of eating disorders and mood disorders. Critical review of the literature. Journal of affective disorders, 97(1-3), 37-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2006.06.023
21- Puccio, F., Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz, M., Ong, D., & Krug, I. (2016). A systematic review and meta‐analysis on the longitudinal relationship between eating pathology and depression. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 49(5), 439-454.https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22506
22- Boujut, E., & Gana, K. (2014). Relationship between depressive mood and eating disorders in a non-clinical young female sample: A one-year longitudinal analysis of cross-lagged and simultaneous effects. Eating behaviors, 15(3), 434-440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2014.04.018Get rights and content
23- Cash, T. F., Santos, M. T., & Williams, E. F. (2005). Coping with body-image threats and challenges: Validation of the Body Image Coping Strategies Inventory. Journal of psychosomatic research, 58(2), 190-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2004.07.008Get rights and content
24- Fang, A., Asnaani, A., Gutner, C., Cook, C., Wilhelm, S., & Hofmann, S. G. (2011). Rejection sensitivity mediates the relationship between social anxiety and body dysmorphic concerns. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25(7), 946-949. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.06.001
25- Franco‐Paredes, K., Mancilla‐Díaz, J. M., Vázquez‐Arévalo, R., López‐Aguilar, X., & Álvarez‐Rayón, G. (2005). Perfectionism and eating disorders: A review of the literature. European Eating Disorders Review: The Professional Journal of the Eating Disorders Association, 13(1), 61-70. doi:10.1002/erv.605
26- Izgiç, F., Akyüz, G., Doğan, O., & Kuğu, N. (2004). Social phobia among university students and its relation to self-esteem and body image. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 49(9), 630-634. DOI:10.1177/070674370404900910
27- Cash, T. F., Theriault, J., & Annis, N. M. (2004). Body image in an interpersonal context: Adult attachment, fear of intimacy and social anxiety. Journal of social and clinical psychology, 23(1), 89-103.https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.23.1.89.26987
28- Gilbert, N., & Meyer, C. (2005). Fear of negative evaluation and the development of eating psychopathology: A longitudinal study among nonclinical women. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 37(4), 307-312. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.20105
29- Utschig, A. C., Presnell, K., Madeley, M., & Smits, J. J. (2010). An investigation of the relationship between fear of negative evaluation and bulimic psychopathology. Eating Behaviors, 11, 231–238
30- Stice, E. (2001). A prospective test of the dual-pathway model of bulimic pathology: mediating effects of dieting and negative affect. Journal of abnormal psychology, 110(1), 124. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.110.1.124
31- Hinrichsen, H., Wright, F., Waller, G., & Meyer, C. (2003). Social anxiety and coping strategies in the eating disorders. Eating behaviors, 4(2), 117-126.. doi:10.1016/s1471-0153(03)00016-3
32- .Garner, D. M., Olmsted, M. P., Bohr, Y., & Garfinkel, P. E. (1982). The Eating Attitudes Test: psychometric features and clinical correlates. Psychological Medicine, 12, 871 - 878. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291700049163
33- Cash, T. F. (2000). The Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire. Retrieved from http://www.body-images.com.
34- Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (1985). The Self‐Consciousness Scale: A Revised Version for Use with General Populations 1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 15(8), 687-699.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1985.tb02268.x
35- Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2001). The PHQ‐9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of general internal medicine, 16(9), 606-613.https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x
36- Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and Resampling Strategies for Assessing and Comparing Indirect Effects in Multiple Mediator Models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879–891
37- Hayes, A. F. (2009). Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium. Communication monographs, 76(4), 408-420. DOI: 10.1080/03637750903310360
38- Murray, K., Rieger, E., & Byrne, D. (2018). Body image predictors of depressive symptoms in adolescence. Journal of adolescence, 69, 130-139. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.10.002.
39- Stice, E., Hayward, C., Cameron, R. P., Killen, J. D., & Taylor, C. B. (2000). Body-image and eating disturbances predict onset of depression among female adolescents: a longitudinal study. Journal of abnormal psychology, 109(3), 438. https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/2000-05424-009
40- Erickson, E. (1959). Identity: Youth and Crisis. In Rice, F. P. (1987). The adolescent: Development, relationships, and culture. Boston: Allyn and Bacon Inc (pp 94-97)
41- Jones, D. C., Vigfusdottir, T. H., & Lee, Y. (2004). Body image and the appearance culture among adolescent girls and boys: An examination of friend conversations, peer criticism, appearance magazines, and the internalization of appearance ideals. Journal of adolescent research, 19(3), 323-339. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558403258847
42- Stice, E., Hayward, C., Cameron, R. P., Killen, J. D., & Taylor, C. B. (2000). Body-image and eating disturbances predict onset of depression among female adolescents: a longitudinal study. Journal of abnormal psychology, 109(3), 438. https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/2000-05424-009
43- Tang, J., Yu, Y., Du, Y., Ma, Y., Zhu, H., & Liu, Z. (2010). Association between actual weight status, perceived weight and depressive, anxious symptoms in Chinese adolescents: a cross-sectional study. BMC public health, 10(1), 594. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-594
44- Chen, G., Guo, G., Gong, J., & Xiao, S. (2015). The association between body dissatisfaction and depression: An examination of the moderating effects of gender, age, and weight status in a sample of Chinese adolescents. Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools, 25(2), 245-260.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/jgc.2015.6
45- Groesz, L. M., Levine, M. P., &Murnen, S. K. (2002). The effect of experimental presentation of thin media images on body satisfaction: A meta‐analytic review. International Journal of eating disorders, 31(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.10005
46- Puhl, R., & Brownell, K. D. (2001). Bias, discrimination, and obesity. Obesity research, 9(12), 788-805. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2001.108
47- Cruz-Sáez, S., Pascual, A., Wlodarczyk, A., & Echeburúa, E. (2018). The effect of body dissatisfaction on disordered eating: The mediating role of self-esteem and negative affect in male and female adolescents. Journal of health psychology, 1359105317748734. DOI: 10.1177/1359105317748734
doi:10.1007/BF01176209
48- Sainsbury, K., Evans, E. H., Pedersen, S., Marques, M. M., Teixeira, P. J., Lähteenmäki, L., ... & Sniehotta, F. F. (2019). Attribution of weight regain to emotional reasons amongst European adults with overweight and obesity who regained weight following a weight loss attempt. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 24(2), 351-361. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40519-018-0487-0
49- Gianini, L. M., White, M. A., & Masheb, R. M. (2013). Eating pathology, emotion regulation, and emotional overeating in obese adults with binge eating disorder. Eating behaviors, 14(3), 309-313.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2013.05.008
50- Vitousek, K. B., & Hollon, S. D. (1990). The investigation of schematic content and processing in eating disorders. Cognitive therapy and research, 14, 191-214.
51- Brechan, I., & Kvalem, I. L. (2015). Relationship between body dissatisfaction and disordered eating: Mediating role of self-esteem and depression. Eating Behaviors, 17, 49–58. doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2014.12.008
52- Levinson, C. A., & Rodebaugh, T. L. (2012). Social anxiety and eating disorder comorbidity: The role of negative social evaluation fears. Eating Behaviors, 13(1), 27–35. doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2011.11.006
53- Godart, N.T., Flament, M.F., Perdereau, F., & Jeammet, P. (2002). Comorbidity between eating disorders and anxiety disorders: A review. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 32, 253-270. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.10096
54- Hinrichsen, H., Waller, G. & Dhokia, R. (2007). Core beliefs and social anxiety in the eating disorders. Eating and Weight Disorders, 12, 14-18.
55- Wonderlich-Tierney, A. & Vander Wal, J. (2010). The efects of social support and coping on the relationship between social anxiety and eating disorders. Eating Behaviors, 11, 85-91 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2009.10.002
56- Godart, N.T., Flament, M.F., Perdereau, F., & Jeammet, P. (2002). Comorbidity between eating disorders and anxiety disorders: A review. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 32, 253-270. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.10096
Published
2023-07-02
How to Cite
1.
Zainab W, Ahmed S, Kumar A, Ali S. THE EFFECT OF BODY DISSATISFACTION ON DISORDERED EATING ATTITUDES: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF NEGATIVE AFFECTS IN ADOLESCENTS. J Pak Psychiatr Soc [Internet]. 2023Jul.2 [cited 2024May2];20(02). Available from: https://www.jpps.pk/index.php/journal/article/view/272
Section
Original Article
Copyright
Copyright (c) 2024. Authors.
Licencing
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Readers may “Share-copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format” and “Adapt-remix, transform, and build upon the material”. The readers must give appropriate credit to the source of the material and indicate if changes were made to the material. Readers may not use the material for commercial purposes. The readers may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
